The touchscreen is now working. I’m using the internal pull-up resistor on the ADC pin to detect when the touchscreen isn’t touched. The algorithm looks something like this:

uint16_t x = touch_get_x();
// ADC values go from 0-1023, so a value over 1000 indicates
// that the screen isn't being touched and the resistor is
// what's pulling the value high. The value when someone
// is touching the screen varies from around 100 to 900.
if(x > 1000) {
    // Screen is not being touched
} else {
    // Screen is being touched
    x = touch_normalize_x(x);
    // ...
}

Programming an ATmega168 using SparkFun’s FTDI Basic Breakout. This guide works for other FT232R-based devices as well.

First, install the dependencies. On Ubuntu 10.04, this should take care of all of them:

sudo apt-get install patch build-essential libreadline-dev libncurses-dev libusb-dev libftdi-dev automake autoconf
sudo apt-get build-dep avrdude avrdude-doc

Next, create a working directory for the build and cd into it:

mkdir avrdude
cd avrdude

Now download the D2xx driver from FTDI. Only download the one that corresponds to your OS (either 64 bit or 32 bit).

# For 64-bit:
wget http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/D2XX/Linux/libftd2xx0.4.16_x86_64.tar.gz
# For 32-bit:
wget http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/D2XX/Linux/libftd2xx0.4.16.tar.gz

Download AVRDUDE and the FTDI bitbang patches:

wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases-noredirect/avrdude/avrdude-5.10.tar.gz
for i in 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0; do wget -O patch-$i.diff http://savannah.nongnu.org/patch/download.php?file_id=1851$i; done

Extract everything, put the drivers into place, and apply the patches:

tar xzf avrdude-5.10.tar.gz
tar xzf libftd2xx*.tar.gz
cd avrdude-5.10
for file in ../patch-*.diff; do patch -p0 < $file; done
cp ../libftd2xx*/static_lib/* .
cp ../libftd2xx*/*.h .
cp ../libftd2xx*/*.cfg .

Configure and compile AVRDUDE.

./configure CFLAGS="-g -O2 -DSUPPORT_FT245R" LIBS="./libftd2xx.a.0.4.16 -lpthread"
make

If you’re using SparkFun’s FTDI Basic Breakout board, you can use the following to update your AVRDUDE configuration. If you’re using some other FTDI breakout board, you’ll need to modify the miso, sck, mosi, and reset options. FTDI has a listing of which bits correspond to which pins on page 1 of the bit-bang mode datasheet.

echo '
programmer
  id    = "ftdi";
  desc  = "SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout";
  type  = ft245r;
  miso  = 1;  # RXD
  sck   = 3;  # CTS
  mosi  = 0;  # TXD
  reset = 4;  # DTR
;' >> avrdude.conf;

If you’re using SparkFun’s FTDI Basic Breakout, you can make your connections as follows. Otherwise, make your connections according to the pins you chose in the previous step (more details in my previous post on the subject).

FTDI -> MCU (ATmega168 PDIP pin)
--------------------------------
DTR -> RESET (1)
RXI -> MISO (18)
TXO -> MOSI (17)
5V -> VCC (7 & 20)
CTS -> SCK (19)
GND -> GND (8 & 22)

Now try it out to make sure everything worked. On Ubuntu, sudo is required because of the default permissions applied to USB devices. The `-B 1` option sets the programming speed to the lowest possible. You can omit that option if your AVR is clocked higher than 8MHz. If this runs successfully, your AVR’s high fuse byte should be printed to the terminal in hexadecimal.

sudo ./avrdude -C avrdude.conf -c ftdi -p m168 -P ft0 -U hfuse:r:-:h -B 1

If everything worked well, you can now install AVRDUDE.

# If you're using Ubuntu, you can use checkinstall to build a .deb package and install it:
sudo checkinstall
# Otherwise, just use `make install`:
sudo make install

You should now be able to use AVRDUDE without specifying a configuration file:

sudo avrdude -c ftdi -p m168 -P ft0 -U hfuse:r:-:h -B 1

We ordered the electronics for the guitar from SparkFun Electronics and Digi-Key. When the project is over, I plan to add up the total cost and post a bill of materials. I suspect it will total to around $100.

Today we tested out the 4.3″ touchpad from SparkFun using an Arduino. I have just finished setting up an ATmega328P on a breadboard and got a basic blink program running. The final product will be running on a plain AVR without the Arduino libraries/bootloader.

One problem I ran into using my FTDI programmer was the clock rate. A fresh ATmega328P comes running at 1 MHz, significantly lower than the default 16 MHz on Arduino-prepared ATmegas. As a result, I kept getting errors like this:

david@second:~$ avrdude -c ftdi -p atmega168 -P ft0
avrdude: BitBang OK 
avrdude: pin assign miso 1 sck 3 mosi 0 reset 4
avrdude: drain OK 
 
 ft245r:  bitclk 230400 -> ft baud 115200
avrdude: ft245r_program_enable: failed
avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1
         Double check connections and try again, or use -F to override
         this check.
 
 
avrdude done.  Thank you.

Eventually I found AVRDUDE’s -B option. It adjusts the clock rate that’s fed into the SCK pin on the AVR. I found that a value of -B 76800 works well, but if you’re running into this problem, I recommend starting with -B 1 and going up until it stops working. To be explicit, this is the command that I found works:

david@second:~$ avrdude -c ftdi -p atmega168 -P ft0 -B 76800

Disclaimer: by following the instructions below, you may end up destroying your stereo, car, MP3 player, interpersonal relationships, and everything else you hold dear. I am not responsible for any of this. That being said, it worked fine for me.

This method will work on any Alpine stereos with an 8-pin M-BUS connector in the back. (The stereo I performed this on was an Alpine CDM-9821.) The connector itself should look something like this:

After some searching around, I located the functions of each pin on this connector at pinouts.ru. The pins on interest are the bottom three:

This corresponds perfectly with the contacts on a 3.5mm headphone plug:

So all that’s left to do is make an adapter between the two. I ordered these parts from Digi-Key: CP-1080-ND, AE9918-ND, and CP1-3513-ND.

Gather up some solder, a soldering iron, and wire. Make the following connections:

1. “Audio Ground” pin from the M-BUS connector goes to the pin closest to the hole on the 3.5mm audio jack
2. “Right Audio Input” goes to the pin farthest from the hole
3. “Left Audio Input” goes to the only remaining pin.

You should end up with an adapter cable like this:

Plug the M-BUS connector into the back of your stereo and mount the audio jack somewhere on the dash.

Now turn on your car. If all went well, nothing will start on fire. Hold the “Setup” button on the stereo and enable aux input in the menu. Now hit the “Source” button until you get to AUX. At this point, you should be able to plug in an MP3 player and have the audio routed to your car’s speakers.

Now open up avrdude.conf in a text editor. Add this entry by the other programmers:

# FTDI basic breakout
programmer
  id = "ftdi";
  desc = "FTDI Basic Breakout";
  type = ft245r;
  miso = 1; # RxD
  sck = 3; # CTS
  mosi = 0; # TxD
  reset = 4; # DTR
;

Now you can attach your FTDI Breakout to the target AVR like this:
FTDI -> MCU (ATmega168 PDIP pin)
DTR -> RESET (1)
RXI -> MISO (18)
TXO -> MOSI (17)
5V -> VCC (7 & 20)
CTS -> SCK (19)
GND -> GND (8 & 22)

With the 3×2 ICSP header on the Arduino, that would look like this:

        +----------------+
[RXI]--o| 1 MISO   +5V 2 |o--[5V]
[CTS]--o| 3 SCK   MOSI 4 |o--[TXO]
[DTR]--o| 5 RESET  GND 6 |o--[GND]
        +----------------+

Note that may need to supply the AVR with an external oscillator or clock source. For virgin ATmega168s, you won’t need to (because it initially uses the internal oscillator), but you’ll need an external crystal oscillator if you’re using one that came out of an Arduino.

From there you can use AVRDUDE like normal using the `-c ftdi` switch. For example, to read fuse bytes:

sudo ./avrdude -C avrdude.conf -c ftdi -p m168 -P ft0 -U hfuse:r:-:h -U lfuse:r:-:h -U efuse:r:-:h

Edit 2010-04-18:

I just found out that new AVRs need to have the clock rate adjusted before this will work. This is because AVRs come with the internal clock set to 1 MHz (actually, 8 MHz with the CKDIV8 fuse bit set) instead of the Arduino default 16 MHz. This can be done with AVRDUDE’s -B option. This option determines what clock is fed into the AVR’s SCK pin. I recommend starting with a value of -B 1 and working your way up to a reasonable clock speed. Here is the adjusted command for new AVRs:

sudo ./avrdude -C avrdude.conf -c ftdi -p m168 -P ft0 -U hfuse:r:-:h -U lfuse:r:-:h -U efuse:r:-:h -B 1

————————–

Description: This is an adaptation of the work by Kimio Kosaka, Nate Phillips, and Massimo. It allows you to use AVRDUDE with an FTDI chip (like the one on the Arduino boards or SparkFun’s FTDI Basic Breakout). This can be useful if you manage to brick your Arduino and you have no programmer.

—————————

If you’re on Ubuntu or Debian, install the prerequisites with:

sudo apt-get install patch build-essential libreadline-dev libncurses-dev libusb-dev
sudo apt-get build-dep avrdude avrdude-doc

—

Start by grabbing a copy of AVRDUDE 5.8, untarring it in the directory, and switching to that directory:

wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases-noredirect/avrdude/avrdude-5.8.tar.gz
tar xzf avrdude-5.8.tar.gz
cd avrdude-5.8

—

Now get a copy of the FTDI bitbang patch files:

for i in 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0; do wget -O patch-$i.diff http://savannah.nongnu.org/patch/download.php?file_id=1851$i; done

—

Apply the patches:

for file in patch-*.diff; do patch -p0 < $file; done

—

Also get a copy of the FTDI driver. For 32-bit:

wget http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/D2XX/Linux/libftd2xx0.4.16.tar.gz

For 64-bit:

wget http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/D2XX/Linux/libftd2xx0.4.16_x86_64.tar.gz

—

Extract the FTDI driver and copy over the needed files:

tar xzf libftd2xx*.tar.gz
cp libftd2xx*/static_lib/* .
cp libftd2xx*/*.h .
cp libftd2xx*/*.cfg .

—

Generate your makefile:

./configure

—

Open Makefile in a text editor and perform the following operations:

1. Find the line CFLAGS = -g -O2 and replace it with CFLAGS = -g -O2 -DHAVE_LIBUSB -DSUPPORT_FT245R.
2. Find the line LIBS = -lreadline -lncurses -ltermcap and replace it with LIBS = -lreadline -lncurses -ltermcap ./libftd2xx.a.0.4.16 -lrt.

—

Now to actually compile it:

make

—

From here, you can follow the instructions at http://www.geocities.jp/arduino_diecimila/bootloader/index_old_en.html starting at step 5. Note that you’ll need to modify the commands a little bit. Instead of:

avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168

you should write:

sudo ./avrdude -C avrdude.conf -c duemilanove -P ft0 -p m168

(Note: you can still use it on a Diecimila, just specify the programmer as `-c duemilanove` and it should work.)

If you’d like to use SparkFun’s FTDI Basic Breakout as a programmer, try these instructions.

I noticed that the TMS320F2809 examples accessed GPIOs by bits rather than as 32-bit ints. For example, it’s possible to set a GPIO like this on the TMS320F280x:

GpioDataRegs.GPADAT.bit.GPIO12 = 1; // Sets GPIO12 to high.

Normally when working with AVRs, I would set bits like this:

PORTB |= (1<<PB3); // Sets port b, bit 3 to high.

After a bit of tinkering, I came up with this (for AVRs):

portb.bit.b3 = HIGH; // Sets port b, bit 3 to high.

I personally think it looks a bit cleaner, so I’ll probably be using it in the future. If you’re interested in trying it out, you can download a full example here: bitfields.zip.

Side note: It is also possible to access GPIOs as 32-bit ints on the TMS320F280x like this:

GpioDataRegs.GPADAT.all |= (1<<12); // Sets GPIO12 to high.

Edit: Looks like I’m not alone.

Update 2009-12-25: these instructions work on both 9.10 Karmic and 9.04 Jaunty.

1. Install all dependencies:

   sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre gcc-avr avr-libc ia32-libs librxtx-java

2. Download 32-bit version of Arduino 0017: [download]
3. Extract it and navigate to the lib/ directory. Delete RXTXcomm.jar and librxtxSerial.so.
4. Go back to the main directory and open the arduino script in a text editor. Replace its contents with:

   #!/bin/sh
    
   APPDIR="$(dirname -- "${0}")"
    
   for LIB in \
       java/lib/rt.jar \
       java/lib/tools.jar \
       lib/*.jar \
       ;
   do
       CLASSPATH="${CLASSPATH}:${APPDIR}/${LIB}:/usr/share/java/RXTXcomm.jar"
   done
   export CLASSPATH
    
   LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:`pwd`/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
    
   export PATH="${APPDIR}/java/bin:${PATH}"
    
   java -Dswing.defaultlaf=com.sun.java.swing.plaf.gtk.GTKLookAndFeel processing.app.Base

---

Note:
The Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE doesn’t work. As a replacement, you can install screen with:

sudo apt-get install screen

To start screen for use with an Arduino, run this command:

screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600

Replace /dev/ttyUSB0 with the location of your serial port and 9600 with the baud rate you’re using.

To quit screen, press Ctrl-a then press k. You must quit screen before you can upload a program via the Arduino IDE.

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